Research & Publications

The legality of the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023, and E-Safety Bill, 2023 under International Law

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Image Source: Image by Macrovector on Freepik < https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/data-protection-concept_3817367.htm#query=data%20privacy&position=25&from_view=keyword&track=ais > accessed 22 September 2023 Introduction Data protection is the process of protecting data, which includes the interaction between data collection and distribution, technology, public perception and expectation of privacy, and the political and legal underpinnings of that data.[1] It seeks to find a balance between […]

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Assessing the Constitutionality of ‘Personal Data Protection, E-Safety, and PECA Amendment’ Bills

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Source: BNN Breaking https://bnn.network/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/asia-internet-coalition-pakistan-data-protection-bill-jpeg.webp Introduction: Data protection and data privacy are deemed to be the rights of individuals to know what information is being shared and who has access to their personal data. Therefore, data privacy laws are important so that individuals can freely exercise their fundamental right to privacy. Various countries have adopted such

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Law of Evidence under International Criminal Law with Respect to International Atrocities

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Image Source: Diane Marie Aman, ‘ICC Prosecutor Symposium: Placing the Prosecutor within the International Criminal Justice Project’ ( OpnioJuris.com, 17 April 2020), https://opiniojuris.org/2020/04/17/icc-prosecutor-symposium-placing-the-prosecutor-within-the-international-criminal-justice-project/accessed 12.02.2024. Overview The international legal framework for collecting and presenting evidence related to international atrocities, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, is primarily governed by the statutes, rules, and

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The Legality of Trying Civilians in Military Courts under Pakistani Law and Constitution

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Image Source: Arab News, Trial of civilians in military courts ‘totally unjustified,’ Pakistan’s top rights body says <https://www.arabnews.pk/sites/default/files/styles/n_670_395/public/2023/05/31/3844491-167703239.jpg?itok=_gy4jUaj > accessed 26 July 2023. Introduction On May 9, 2023, violence erupted across Pakistan as the rangers detained former Prime Minister of Pakistan Mr. Imran Khan on corruption charges. The supporters of Mr. Khan assaulted police officers

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THE LEGALITY OF TRYING CIVILIANS IN MILITARY COURTS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW AND BEST CASE PRACTICES

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Image source: Al Jazeera, “HRW urges Pakistan to not try civilians in military court” (31 May 2023, Al Jazeera) HRW urges Pakistan to not try civilians in military courts | Human Rights News | Al Jazeera accessed 16 February 2024. Introduction On May 9th of 2023, after the police arrested former Prime Minister Imran Khan

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Custodial Torture and International Best Practices

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Image Source: OMCT SOS-Torture Network, Pakistan takes first step towards making torture a crime < https://www.omct.org/en/resources/statements/pakistan-takes-the-first-step-towards-making-torture-a-crime > accessed 31 January 2023. Introduction Under International Law, acts such as cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment are considered ‘torture’[1] and are strictly prohibited under the primary international human rights instruments, namely, (the 1975 UN Declaration against

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Environmental Preservation in Pakistan: What Has Been Achieved?

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Image Source: Regional Co-operation Council, Environmental Protection ‘Let’s go green’, < https://www.rcc.int/flagships/9/environment-protection > accessed 30 January 2023. Introduction “Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better” said Albert Einstein. The nature forms a crucial part of our lives and it is important to value it. There’s a world full of natural assets[1], and

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Juvenile Justice System in Pakistan

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Image source: Juvenile Justice System, (23rd March 2015, DAWN) Juvenile justice system – Newspaper – DAWN.COM accessed 22.02.2024. Introduction Primarily, while different countries have different laws, generally, those under 15 are considered to be doli incapax (deemed incapable of forming the intent to commit a crime) [1] and therefore, cannot be entirely guilty of their

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Pakistani Provinces Breaking the Silence on Domestic Violence

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Image source: Arab News Pakistan, ‘In northwestern Pakistan, domestic violence up by 45% during coronavirus lockdowns’ (ANP, 15 March 2021) In northwestern Pakistan, domestic violence up by 45% during coronavirus lockdowns | Arab News accessed August 1, 2022. Introduction It is necessary to institutionalise measures to prevent and protect women, children, and other vulnerable people

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The United Nation’s Involvement in Jammu and Kashmir Dispute

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Image Source: UNSC set to hold Kashmir meeting after 50 years, (16 Auguest 2019, Dawn) UNSC set to hold Kashmir meeting after 50 years – World – DAWN.COM accessed 26.02.2024. Background Under British colonial rule, the South Asian subcontinent was governed in part by directly-administered British territories and in part by Princely States that were

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